In the winter of 183 AD, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Luoyang, was unusually cold. In the quiet of night, the lanterns at the entrance of the Situ Mansion swayed violently in the chilly wind. Several ghostly black shadows suddenly appeared under the high wall, quickly painted and sketched, and then leisurely disappeared into the deep night. At dawn, the patrolling guards were horrified. On the exterior walls of various government offices in the capital, two prominent white characters – Jia Zi – appeared coincidentally. With a large-scale search throughout Luoyang, a peasant uprising that swept across the country in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was about to erupt. The wheat is green and the barley is withered. Who should be the wife and aunt of the harvester? Where is the father-in-law attacking the Hu in the west? The officials buy horses and the carriage of the bureau. Please drum the dragon Hu for all the lords, and buy a washing machine and interior? This is a folk song passed down in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The wheat is still growing, the barley is already ripe, and only women and children are harvesting in the fields. Men are serving in the military in the northwest, and grassroots officials bring their own carriages and horses all the way west. The people suffer unbearably, and there is no way to complain. They can only swallow their tears and privately discuss. The Hu mentioned in the folk song refers to the Qiang people living in the northwest border area. The country was in a border crisis, and men served in the military to defend the country. It was originally an ordinary thing, but why did the northwest military service in the late Eastern Han Dynasty make the people so bitter and resentful? In the late 1st century AD, the Eastern Han army defeated the powerful Xiongnu people and carved stones to commemorate their achievements in Yanran Mountain in the northern desert, demonstrating the prestige of the Han Dynasty. But in the competition with the Qiang tribes in the northwest, they did not achieve the record of finishing their work in one battle. In the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty until its downfall. The repeated and prolonged war against the Qiang people became a heavy burden that the Eastern Han Dynasty could not shake off, and also brought infinite pain to the people of Li. Men went through life and death, rushing to the border, women and children working in the fields, and also bearing huge military expenses and numerous miscellaneous taxes. Apart from the war, the issue of land consolidation in the late Eastern Han Dynasty became increasingly severe. The wealthy are connected by fields and fields, while the poor have no place to stand. Coupled with years of famine and plague, the people are suffering greatly. Many have to accompany the elderly and support the children to survive, leaving their hometowns to wander and beg for food, becoming refugees. Professor Zang Zhifei from the School of Sociology at Soochow University: In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, land consolidation was severe, and most farmers lost their land. They either became landlords or slaves, or migrated and fled, leaving their hometowns and wandering around. Therefore, the problem of refugees became increasingly serious. The fundamental reason for the downfall of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Refugees are like rolling landmines, and wherever they flow, there is a risk of explosion. The management method of small-scale farming society is to do everything possible to attach farmers to the land. Once farmers become refugees, they can break free from state management and easily become a threat to social order and national security. There have been multiple instances of refugee uprisings in Chinese history. The Red Eyebrow Army at the end of the Western Han Dynasty evolved from refugees, while the issue of refugees in the later period of the Eastern Han Dynasty was even greater than that. What is even more terrifying is that the refugees during this period were no longer simply blindly seeking food. A religious belief is quietly changing the attributes of refugees. Researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences – Zhao Kai: Wherever refugees go, they will have an impact on the local social order. When there are more people, they may attack the government. When their power becomes stronger, they may engage in confrontational battles with the government, such as the peasant uprising. Located in Dabaishe Village in the northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province, there is still a large pit with an area of about one acre. To the west of the pit is a temple, which was the place where the people received the treatment of Master Fushui during the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The Holy Water Pit and the Spirit Immortal Temple, currently in the Spirit Immortal Temple, only a few elderly women still come to worship according to old customs. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, a plague swept through the Central Plains, causing hunger and cold among the people, resulting in countless deaths. The people who suffered greatly from the plague gathered here from all directions to receive treatment from the mages. The monk claims to be a great and virtuous teacher of the Taiping Dao. Patients only need to kneel and repent, take the talisman made by the monk themselves, and be cured of illness. Poor people do not take a penny, while wealthy people pay voluntarily. Many critically ill patients actually turn the tide. The news spread ten or ten times, and more and more people became aware of the great wise and virtuous master who had a miraculous hand. The people rushed to receive treatment from the master. Researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences – Zhao Kai: In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, there were natural and man-made disasters, as well as many plagues. Some people who knew medicine and witchcraft used their own methods to treat diseases for the people, especially with the established prestige among patients. More and more people came to seek their help. Some of these later developed into religious leaders like Zhang Jiao. Zhangjiao Yizhou Julu people, the leader of Taiping Road. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Jiao claimed to be a great and virtuous teacher, and under the pretext of preaching and treating diseases, he spread teachings among farmers and carried out secret activities. Over the past decade, there were as many as 100000 disciples. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, plagues were rampant and society was corrupt. Zhang Jiao added water talismans on the basis of traditional folk medicine to treat diseases and win the trust of the people. Despite suffering from the epidemic, the people who were in despair deeply believed in Zhang Jiao’s water talismans for treating diseases. The talisman water made by Zhang Jiao himself is no longer able to supply the huge refugee population. He can only order his disciples to build temples, claiming to seek immortals and telling the people that the immortals have placed spiritual medicine in the water pit next to the temple. Drinking the water from the holy water pit can cure diseases and alleviate disasters. The Eastern Han court never expected that it was the talismans floating with black paper ashes that brought disaster to the Eastern Han dynasty. Park Xianqun: The Taiping Road, using talismans to treat diseases and illnesses for the common people, happened to be a need for the majority of people living on the death line at that time, which perfectly met and satisfied the needs of the people living on the death line in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty at that time. At the same time as treating diseases with Fu Shui, a mysterious scripture further convinced the people of the omnipotence of great sages and good teachers. The Taiping Jing is now included in Volume 119 of the Zhengtong Daozang and is one of the main classics of early Taoism. It is also known as the Taiping Qingling Shu. The Taiping Jing explains the way of governing the country with the Yin Yang and Five Elements, promoting the principles of dispersing wealth, helping the poor, self-sufficiency, and achieving peace in the world. However, it is often used by witches as a pretext. During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, Zhang Jiao obtained the popular “Taiping Jing”. On the basis of the Taiping Jing, the ideal of achieving peace is proposed. The Taiping Jing was twice presented to the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, but the first time the book donor was executed, and the second time he was shelved. After obtaining this book, Zhang Jiao found it a treasure and used it as a doctrine to establish the Taiping Dao. Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences – Yang Ying: What is there in Zhang Jiao’s “Taiping Jing”? There are many techniques, and there is also the promotion of uprisings, advocating for peace through one’s own efforts. This kind of opposition opposes wealth inequality, exploitation, and oppression. Zhang Jiao, on the other hand, made extensive use of the popular and numerological techniques of the past, combined with a vision for a better world. He believed that the current Eastern Han government was not a very beautiful one, but rather an apocalypse, and that everyone should rise up and overthrow it. This is located in Guangzong County, Hebei Province. “Taiping Daole” has been passed down here for over 1800 years, and now as an ancient performance piece, people pay more attention to its artistic expression. But he was the way of mobilizing public opinion in the Yellow Turban Uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In order to promote the idea of the ruling class not working hard but eating, and to predict the impending major changes in society, he incited public anger in society. Zhang Jiao compiled the “Taiping Sutra” into scriptures for believers to recite. In order to maintain uniformity and rhythm during the Yongsong Taiping Sutra, he added instruments such as wind, xiao, and sheng as accompaniment, gradually evolving into Taiping Taoist music. Under the cover of this, Zhang Jiao gathered a group of people and beat golden drums to cheer, vigorously promoting the views of opposing exploitation and advocating equality and mutual love in the “Taiping Jing” to the people. He sent eight disciples to spread the teachings and develop disciples in all directions, claiming to educate the world with good deeds. The Great Sage and Virtuous Master told people that as long as they join the Taiping Dao, they will enter the world on the other side. In that world, everyone has no status, they are all born from heaven, and their food is abundant, resulting in new and old things. For the people of the Eastern Han Dynasty who were accustomed to the exploitation of officials and the harsh world, the world on the banks of the mainland seemed like a truly equal and harmonious world. In the dark night, the peaceful world in Zhang Jiao’s mouth became their last hope and light. Researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences – Pu Xianqun: The book “Taiping Jing” provided an ideal blueprint for the general public in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This ideal has two aspects: on the one hand, it can achieve an average in material wealth. So, in terms of spirit, the Taiping Qingling Book portrayed a very beautiful and equal society for them. Taiqing Palace, Luyi County, Henan Province. This is Taiqing Palace Town, Luyi County, Henan Province, and the hometown of Laozi, the founder of Taoism. Laozi Li Er was a great thinker during the Spring and Autumn period and the founder of the Taoist school, advocating for tranquility and inaction. In the first half of the second century BC, the emperors of the early Western Han Dynasty adopted his theory and rested with the people, creating the first prosperous era in Chinese history – the rule of literature and scenery. After Emperor Wu of Han suppressed Huang Lao and advocated Confucianism, Confucianism rose to become the mainstream ideology of the country. Laozi and his political views fell back to folk beliefs and were no longer valued by the local government. However, who could have imagined that over 300 years later, Taoist thought, mixed with Confucianism and Yin Yang knowledge, quietly developed into the most important folk belief among the people, and even the emperor paid homage to Laozi. From 165 AD to 166 AD, Emperor Huan of Han sent his ministers twice to Henan to pay homage to Laozi and invited his spiritual throne back to the palace for worship. Laozi was a representative of a clear mind and few desires. Emperor Huan of Han was one of the most debauched and immoral emperors in Chinese history. He worshipped Laozi in the hope of preserving a dragon seed for himself, as advocated by Taoism. However, Emperor Huan of Han had been in the imperial palace for many years without any offspring, which became a long-standing concern for him. However, more importantly, during his reign, the people were struggling, the border was troubled, and small-scale peasant uprisings occurred one after another. And these peasant uprisings are often instigated under the guise of Laozi. Therefore, Emperor Huan of Han repeatedly worshipped Laozi, expressing his belief in Laozi’s thoughts, hoping to control his Taoist faith and maintain the emperor’s prestige. Of course, he also hoped that his subjects could be as quiet and inactive as Laozi said, so that he could enjoy the prosperity of the world with peace of mind. The emperor’s repeated worship of Laozi was actually a recognition of the legitimacy of Taoist thought and played a role in promoting the rapid spread of Taoist faith among the people. Laozi and Taoism ultimately failed to create a dragon seed for Emperor Huan of Han, but the posture of Emperor Huan worshipping Laozi opened the green light for the rapid spread of Taoism. Professor Zang Zhifei from the School of Sociology at Soochow University: The reason why Taoist organizations can use religious means to organize farmers is that the first prerequisite is that at that time, farmers had no means of livelihood and were in a state of wandering and uncertainty, receiving certain living support among religious followers. From this point of view, the Zhang family, such as Zhang Jiao, Zhang Bao, and other Zhang brothers, Zhang Daoling, also known as Zhang Tianshi, have gone through 400 years of experience and summary under Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in terms of political consciousness, organizational methods, and theoretical guidance. They have already stood on another historical level, using so-called superstitions in the current sense to organize the people to achieve their political goals. The Taiping Road in Zhangjiao was not the only folk religion at that time. It was located on the Wuzi Mountain at the northern foot of Bashan Mountain, with deep valleys and dense forests, and murmuring streams. It is said that Zhang Xiu, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, established the Five Dou Rice Road here, where people could join the organization by paying five Dou rice. The Five Dou Rice Road is named after this. Zhang Xiu established a strict management organization among the disciples, seemingly becoming an independent kingdom that competed with local governments. Confucianism used to be the mainstream ideology of the Han Dynasty, but now this mainstream ideology has been fatally impacted, and a dynasty with chaotic ideas will inevitably fall into all-round chaos. During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, the influence of the Taiping Dao spread throughout the regions of Qing, Xu, You, Yi, Jing, Yang, Liao, and Yu, with an organization of up to 100000 followers. Even eunuchs, guards, and court ministers around the emperor joined the Taiping Dao, and the Taiping Dao and Wudoumi Dao were about to force the Han Dynasty into an irreversible situation. Researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences – Zhao Kai: At that time, the court had already received this information. Some people were promoting the Taiping Road, but the court did not take it seriously. Why? I think it’s like the Taiping Road in Zhangjiao, and it can appease the people locally, which is exactly what the local official government cannot do. When the power of this Taiping Dao further develops to a very large extent, it may have an impact on the fate of this dynasty. At this time, some knowledgeable people, such as Yang Ci and Liu Tao, will notice and report to the court. Although there has not been any turmoil yet, there is a possibility that once there is, the situation will be very difficult to control. Yang Ci, also known as Boxian, was a native of Huayin County, Hongnong County. The Hongnong Yang family was one of the most famous prominent aristocratic families in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Yang Ci’s grandfather, Yang Zhen, and father, Yang Bing, both served as imperial officials. His ancestors and grandchildren were known for their integrity and courage to advise for three generations. The rapid development of the Taiping Dao power was not a secret, but local state and county officials were derelict in their duties, hiding their ears and stealing bells. They were afraid of trouble and threw away their black hats, so they were unwilling to formally report to the court. Yang Ci had already foreseen the potential crisis of the Taiping Road on the imperial order. In this urgent report, he reminded the court to pay attention to the dangers of the Taiping Road and proposed a solution: simply separate the flow of people, return each household to their own county, weaken their party, and then execute their canal commander, which is not a firm decision. Yang Ci’s judgment is quite accurate. Without a large group of refugees, Zhang Jiao and his Taiping Road would not have become a climate. The solution he proposed can be considered as a top-notch strategy, which involves disbanding refugees first and then dealing with leaders of the Taiping Road such as Zhang Jiao. Unfortunately, at this time, Emperor Ling of Han was playing with his concubines in the palace, and most of the ministers held an attitude that more is better than less. Some ministers and eunuchs even joined the Taiping Road and presented memorials, which did not attract the attention of the court. Entering the vision of the Spirit Emperor with the memorial is already a heavy blow to the empire. There is no memorial from Yangzi. Yang Ci’s memorial did not attract the attention of the court, but it alerted the Taiping Dao side. Zhang Jiao and his younger brothers Zhang Liang and Zhang Bao have significantly accelerated their deployment of operations. They have divided the Taiping Road disciples from all over the country into 36 factions, with over 10000 generous and 6000 or 7000 small factions, according to a militarized organizational model. Each side establishes a leader to command the troops, with Zhang Jiao calling himself the Heavenly Lord General, his younger brother Zhang Bao calling him the Earth Lord General, and Zhang Liang calling him the Artificial General. Researcher Zhao Kai from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: At that time, under this management system, if there were problems in the local area, there would be an accountability mechanism. If there were local officials, you could not handle them well, and then the higher authorities would hold them accountable. In this situation, grassroots officials would rather not report this information to the higher authorities in order to prevent accountability and protect their black hat. In fact, this information arrived relatively late at the court and the emperor’s side. The year 183 AD was a year with quite abnormal climate change. In the summer, there was a severe drought, and many farmers died in large areas. In the winter, it was extremely cold, and the well water in the northern region froze over ten feet thick. According to the prevailing saying at the time, this was a sign of national turmoil. The heavens are dead. Huang Tian stands tall, at the age of Jia Zi, the world is in good fortune. This low, passionate, and profound folk song quickly spread among the people. At the same time, the walls of the capital city of Luoyang and local government offices were constantly adorned with the words “Jia Zi” written in white clay, including Ma Yuanyi, the generous leader of the Taiping Road, and one of Zhang Jiao’s most capable assistants. At this time, he was organizing disciples of the Taiping Road to gather in the Yangtze River area such as Jingzhou and Yangzhou, and then infiltrating the capital to deploy local disciples in Luoyang, preparing for internal and external cooperation. The uprising was set on the fifth day of March 184 in the seventh year of the Guanghe era, which was the Jiazi day of the lunar calendar. While the Taiping Road uprising was being carried out intensively, something unexpected happened to Zhang Jiao. In January 184 AD, Tang Zhou, a disciple of Ma Yuanyi, defected and reported the plan for the Taiping Road uprising to the government. The Eastern Han court was greatly shocked and immediately declared martial law in the capital, closed the gates of Luoyang, and conducted extensive searches in the city. More than 1000 disciples of the Taiping Road were arrested and killed, and Ma Yuanyi was executed by a car crack. The infatuated Emperor Ling of Han finally realized the seriousness of the problem. He ordered the rapid arrest of leaders of the Taiping Road, such as Zhang Jiao, but the situation was hasty and the Taiping Road uprising was forced to advance. Zhang Jiao sent a fast horse messenger to warn all parties and immediately rose up. The famous Yellow Turban Uprising in Chinese history erupted, from the north bank of the Yellow River to both sides of the Jianghuai River, from the coast of the East China Sea to the Hexi Corridor, and everywhere were uprisings wrapped in yellow headscarves. They burned government offices, hunted and killed officials, and released prisoners of crime. The Han family, which had been pacified for a long time, boiled in the flames of war and shouting. Their name was Ying. The officials of Xun truthfully recorded the scene at that time. Eight states coexisting, smoke and fire descending from the sky, grazing and guarding, and shedding blood. Professor Wang Jian from the School of History and Culture of Jiangsu Normal University: The Golden Uprising was very noteworthy throughout the feudal era of China. It should have been the first peasant war in Chinese history combined with religion. Therefore, religion strengthened the mobilization ability of peasant wars, including the appeal of his ideology, which also brought about the largest scale peasant war supported by religious ideology in Chinese history. Jizhou is in urgent need. Yingchuan is in urgent need, Nanyang is in urgent need, and batches of galloping horses are galloping along the official road leading to Luoyang. In front of the enemy, Emperor Ling of Han urgently convened an imperial meeting to discuss countermeasures. His uncle He Jin was appointed as the Grand General, commanding all the garrison forces in the capital. Eight passes were set up around Luoyang, including Hangu, Taigu, Guangcheng, Yique, Xuanmen, Mengjin, and Xiaopingjin, to prevent the Yellow Turban forces from entering. At the same time, Lu Shi was appointed as the North Middle General, responsible for suppressing the Yellow Turban Army in the north of the capital. Huang Pusong was appointed as the Left Middle General, and Zhu Xi was appointed as the Left Middle General. As the Right Middle General, he was responsible for suppressing the Yellow Turban Army in the south of the capital. The court also issued an edict encouraging local officials and powerful landlords to recruit warriors and assist the authorities in quelling the rebellion. Although the number of officers and soldiers of the Eastern Han government was less than 100000, they were all elite and well-trained. Famous generals such as Huangpu Song, Julie, and Lu Zhi had experienced battles, and with the support of local powerful families, their combat effectiveness was not weak. The number of yellow scarves with horns was huge, often numbering 100000. However, many of them, including the elderly, children, and women, were not strong in combat effectiveness. Moreover, due to hasty uprisings, they were unable to complete the assembly and deployment, and their forces were scattered, making them easy to be defeated by each individual. At the most tense time of the war, the leader of the Taiping Road, Zhang Jiao, passed away due to illness, and the morale of the Yellow Turban soldiers was greatly weakened. General Zhang Liang became the commander-in-chief. In October, the southern official army joined the northern battlefield under the command of Huangpu Song, and the Huangjin Army fell into a decline. At the end of October, the Yellow Turban Army and the official army engaged in a decisive battle in Guangzong. 30000 soldiers of Zhang Liang’s Yellow Turban Army died in battle, and another 50000 were thrown into the surging Qinghe River after the city was breached, causing the river to cut off its flow. In November, General Zhang Bao was defeated in the Battle of Xiaquyang, and more than 100000 disciples were killed. Lingxiao Mountain is located in Xingtai City, Hebei Province, 35 kilometers away from the city center. It is rugged and dense, with few people to visit. Even the locals rarely know about it. As early as 1800 years ago, this was the site of the Yellow Turban Army Fortress, which left numerous holes for the Eastern Han Dynasty, the well preserved octagonal Linglong Well, the water prison for punishing traitors, and the broken stone tablet. Today, traces of the uprising army’s roar and surprise can still be found in this deep mountain area. However, not far from the foot of the mountain, performances evolved from the Yellow Turban Army uprising were only performed by folk artists on stage during festivals. Carrying Huanggang, Taiping drums, and Taiping Taoist music, the voices of an era have been vividly portrayed by later generations, and the heavens have already died. When the yellow sky stands. All of this turned into this resounding drum sound. From ancient times to the present, the aspirations of the common people for a happy life have been transformed into poignant music and widely circulated stories, once earth shattering and inspiring. Park Xianqun, Director of the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: The people-oriented ideology was a very important ideology formed in the pre Qin period of China. Policies and politics should follow the people’s hearts rather than go against them. A series of problems in the late Eastern Han Dynasty accumulated to form the Yellow Turban Uprising. It can be said that the government was seriously insufficient in solving people’s livelihood problems. Therefore, if the government did not effectively solve the problem of people’s livelihood, it would be exploited by different and similar forces in society and other organizations. I think this is also a historical experience and lesson left to us by the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This is Dongpailou, Changsha City, Hunan Province. A batch of Han Dynasty official documents and bamboo slips were unearthed here in 2004. The bamboo slips provide detailed records of the social unrest caused by the Yellow Turban Uprising, which not only led to social disorder but also brought serious economic crises to the Eastern Han Empire. Huang Puhua, Deputy Director of the Changsha Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology: A total of over 400 bamboo slips have been discovered, belonging to four historical periods during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han. This batch of bamboo slips are all present, and they all appear. The bamboo slip I just saw is an official document, which records that it was in the southern part or region of Hunan. There were frequent wars, and the national treasury was empty, just like what was said on the bamboo slips, there was no rice or cloth in the warehouse, and there was no food left to taste. The money and cloth in the treasury are also empty. The local political power should already be unstable, and if it is unstable, there may be some buying and selling of officials. The county magistrate of Linxiang County in Changsha County reported to his superiors. The local area suffered from continuous wars, with no rice or cloth in the warehouse and no money in the local treasury. The same was true for the central government. In order to suppress the Yellow Turban Uprising, Emperor Ling of Han reluctantly gave up his accumulated private money and horses. However, as soon as the war ceased, he couldn’t wait for eunuchs to search everywhere. In order to fill the void in the national treasury, Emperor Ling of Han sold officials on a large scale. Initially, he only bought and sold some irrelevant low-level official positions. Later, he even put senior officials such as the Three Princes and Nine Ministers on the counter. Readers who want to enter the officialdom, and local officials who want to be promoted, also need to pay a large sum of money first. Researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences – Park Hsien qun: During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, there was a Situ who was equivalent to a prime minister. This person was called Cui Lie, and the position of the Situ he urged was bought from Emperor Ling of Han. After Cui Li returned home, he asked his son Cui Jun, and he said, “I bought this official with money. What is the evaluation of me in society?”? Cui Jun, the son of Cui Lie, is quite upright. He said that everyone has a very bad evaluation of you. Saying that you have copper odor on your body, the word copper odor that we are referring to comes from here. Why was the social conflict so intense in the late Eastern Han Dynasty? Apart from the conflicts between ordinary farmers, ordinary people, and the government, the conflicts between other intellectuals and the government were also very opposing. Government corruption, selling and buying officials, cut off a pathway for the promotion and career of scholars at that time. With money, you can do anything and buy anything. So, who else should contribute to the country and make contributions to the country? In fact, eunuchs are more deserving of severe punishment than ordinary officials. After the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising, eunuchs led by the Ten Regular Attendants became even more arrogant. Attendants Xiang Xu and Zhang Jun advised the emperor that the Yellow Turban Rebellion was entirely caused by eunuchs. As long as the heads of the eunuch leaders were cut off and hung in the southern suburbs, the military disaster would naturally subside. Emperor Ling passed on the secret reports of Zhang Jun and others to the eunuchs. It wasn’t the eunuchs who lost their heads, but the two attendants. Huangpu Song and Lu Zhi made remarkable military achievements in the process of suppressing the Yellow Turban Uprising, but they were unable to escape the assassination attempts of the eunuchs. Lu Zhi refused to bribe the eunuch and was taken back to Luoyang in a prisoner’s carriage, almost losing his life. Huang Pu Song, a cavalry general who was also involved in the project to quell the Golden Rebellion, refused and bribed the forest land. After listening to the eunuch’s slander, he took Huang Pu Song’s carriage. General Cavalry talked about eunuchs adhering to the Yellow Emperor but ultimately kidnapping the imperial power. If we must kill the mice on the real plate, then it may be inevitable to break the plate. Zhao Kai, a researcher at the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: So, in the process of suppressing the Yellow Turban Uprising, the ruling class of the Eastern Han Dynasty seemed to have achieved a brief unity. They combined together, putting aside past divisions, and then together suppressing the Yellow Turban Uprising to solve the urgent problem of burning eyebrows. However, in reality, during and after the victory of this war, the contradiction between eunuchs and bureaucratic groups still remained unresolved. So, some people like Huangpu Songru who made outstanding military achievements during the suppression of the Yellow Turban Uprising still have not escaped the intimidation and persecution of eunuchs. So, patience was needed in the past, but it may not be like that now. The escalating internal conflicts between officials and eunuchs in the imperial court have led to political turmoil in the country, a lack of stability in the government and the persecution of wise and righteous individuals, resulting in personal danger and chaos. After the main force of the Yellow Turban Uprising was wiped out, the rest of the people continued to struggle for more than 20 years. Under its influence, small-scale peasant uprisings occurred in various regions. In order to effectively suppress the Yellow Turban Uprising, Emperor Ling of Han delegated the general’s power to local areas, but it caused a situation where local officials were overcrowded and self reliant. In addition, some local tycoons rose up in the Yellow Turban Uprising, cooperating with the official army to suppress the uprising, and in the process of suppressing the Yellow Turban Uprising, Countless warlords of various sizes gradually formed in the local area, and local forces eventually broke free from the control of the Eastern Han government, forming a situation of each dominating one side. During these periods, in addition to warlords and nobles like Yuan Shao and Dong Zhuo, as well as unknown individuals like Cao Cao, Sun Jian, and Liu Bei, they gradually emerged on the political stage through the Yellow Turban Rebellion. Researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences – Zhao Kai: The Yellow Turban Uprising is particularly similar to a major earthquake. Although its main body has been extinguished, its small-scale power still exists. From later records, the scale is not small, such as the Qingzhou Army later incorporated by Cao Cao, and a part of Yuan Shao’s incorporation in Hebei. Zhang Feiyan’s Black Mountain Army is also relatively powerful, and they sometimes carry the banner of the Yellow Turban Uprising Compared to the powerful figures such as Dong Zhuo and Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and others did not truly form their own power after the Yellow Turban Rebellion. However, history gave Cao Cao a second opportunity. In 188 AD, the remaining Yellow Turban tribes in Qingzhou and Xuzhou rebelled again. They gathered in Qingzhou, with a number of up to one million. Liu Dai, the governor of Yanzhou, was killed, and Cao Cao took over the position of the governor of Yanzhou. With the Yellow Turban army facing supply difficulties, Cao fought and negotiated. After several months of preparation, this Yellow Turban army of over 300000, along with more than 1 million men, women, children, and family members, finally accepted Cao Cao Cao’s inclusion. Cao Cao selected over 100000 elite Qingzhou soldiers, their families, and their agricultural tools as basic labor and production materials. Cao Cao set up garrisons, organized production, and provided a rear supply base for military operations. As a result, the Qingzhou soldiers became an important military force independently owned by Cao Cao. This Qingzhou soldier, composed of the Yellow Turban Army, ultimately became the foundation for the strength and development of Cao Cao’s army. The rolling Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away all the heroes. This is an era of gold and iron horses, and a grand battle of wits and bravery is unfolding. Researcher Zhao Kai from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: Although the Yellow Turban Uprising did not overthrow the Eastern Han Dynasty, it dealt a very, very heavy blow to the empire, which was the largest empire of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, the subsequent downfall of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the emergence of the Three Kingdoms were directly or indirectly related to the Yellow Turban Uprising. After the Yellow Turban Uprising, the Han Dynasty, which had experienced more than 400 years, completely slipped into the quagmire of a chaotic era. The court was in chaos, and the sea was in turmoil. Faced with such an exhausted Han Kingdom, batches of warlords and heroes from the chaotic era immediately entered the historical stage. In 220 AD, the Han Dynasty, the largest empire in the East that had created countless brilliant achievements in ancient world history, came to an end as its last ruler, Emperor Han Xian, was forced to step down from the supreme imperial power. 90 Seconds of History: Boiling Wine to Discuss Heroes This is a competition between two heroes, and it is a famous banquet in history. In 196 AD, Cao Cao hosted a banquet in Xuchang for Liu Bei, two heroes of the Three Kingdoms with completely different personalities. At that time, Cao Cao’s great talent and strategy had gradually emerged in the flames of war, his power had gradually become stronger, and he relied on snatching the emperor Han Xian into his hands, creating a political model of coercing the emperor to command the feudal lords. However, another hero, Liu Bei, although a member of the Han family, suffered setbacks in his journey to start his own life. He intended to hide himself in front of Cao Cao, but did not expect that while drinking and hearing hot wine, Cao Cao Cao’s arrogance Gan Yun smiled and asked Liu Bei, “Who is a hero in the world today?”? Liu Bei immediately concealed himself and pointed out Yuan Shao and others. Unexpectedly, Cao Cao laughed and said, “There are only two heroes in the world today, you and me. True heroes never show their bravery. When the time was not ripe enough, Liu Bei accumulated strength and endured humiliation. After the banquet, Liu Bei quickly found an excuse to leave Cao Cao. This is the famous historical theory of cooking wine to discuss heroes.”.
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